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Dangerous play in rugby union
Dangerous play in rugby union is dealt with under the foul play law (Law 10) in the official International Rugby Board (IRB) rugby union law book. It defines foul play as "anything a player does within the playing enclosure that is against the letter and spirit of the Laws of the Game".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Laws of the Game Rugby Union 2010, Law 10 Definitions )〕 Under these laws dangerous play includes; punching or striking, stamping or trampling, and kicking.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Laws of the Game Rugby Union 2010, Law 10.4 Dangerous Play and Misconduct )〕
==Process==
If a referee observes dangerous play they are obliged to penalise and admonish the perpetrator. This can result in a "temporary suspension" (yellow card) of 10 minutes or even a "sending off" (red card).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Laws of the Game Rugby Union 2010, Law 10.5 Sanctions )〕 If the offence is serious enough further action can be taken after the game, including bans from playing rugby and criminal charges. In some high-profile matches a citing commissioner is appointed, who can cite any player for dangerous play, whether they have been detected by the referee or not.〔(【引用サイトリンク】REGULATION 17. ILLEGAL AND/OR FOUL PLAY AND MISCONDUCT )〕 In matches where there is no appointed citing commissioner the Unions involved can cite players for dangerous play.〔 During the judicial process the severity of the incident is considered. This is assessed by judging if the offending was intentional, reckless, provoked or premeditated as well as what body part was used (fist, knee, boot etc.), how vulnerable the victim was, the effect of the actions had on the victim and disciplinary record of the offender.〔 When handing out match suspensions for dangerous play the IRB recommends suspension periods based on the type and severity of the offence. For most incidences of dangerous play (punching, stamping, dangerous tackles etc.) they recommend suspensions starting from two weeks, up to a maximum of one year.〔 The more serious offences include striking with the head (up to two years), making contact with the eyes (up to three years), testicle grabbing (up to four years) and biting (up to four years).〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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